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  "author": "Rezan Omer Rasheed  & Tavga Ahmed HamaKarim ",
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  "author": "Rezan Omer Rasheed  & Tavga Ahmed HamaKarim ",
            
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  "created": "2025-08-29",
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  "doi_date_published": "2025-09-18",
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the-Environment-of-Tanjero-River-and-Its-Basin-within-Sulaimani-City",
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  "modified": "2025-09-18",
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  "modified": "2025-10-22",
            
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  "name": 
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  "name": 
            
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the-environment-of-tanjero-river-and-its-basin-within-sulaimani-city",
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the-environment-of-tanjero-river-and-its-basin-within-sulaimani-city",
            
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  "notes": "This study (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3298-0) 
62
  "notes": "This study (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3298-0) 
            
53
assesses the impacts of untreated wastewater discharge from Sulaimani 
63
assesses the impacts of untreated wastewater discharge from Sulaimani 
            
54
City, Iraq, into the Tanjero River and proposes a framework for 
64
City, Iraq, into the Tanjero River and proposes a framework for 
            
55
wastewater treatment planning. Nine sewer outlets representing 
65
wastewater treatment planning. Nine sewer outlets representing 
            
56
residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, and hospital effluents 
66
residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, and hospital effluents 
            
57
were sampled over a year, and physicochemical analyses revealed 
67
were sampled over a year, and physicochemical analyses revealed 
            
58
elevated levels of turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, 
68
elevated levels of turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, 
            
59
nitrates, and heavy metals\u2014particularly in industrial zones. 
69
nitrates, and heavy metals\u2014particularly in industrial zones. 
            
60
Questionnaire surveys conducted in 31 surrounding villages indicated 
70
Questionnaire surveys conducted in 31 surrounding villages indicated 
            
61
significant health burdens, including chronic diseases, diarrhea, 
71
significant health burdens, including chronic diseases, diarrhea, 
            
62
typhoid, skin disorders, and cancer, alongside impacts on livestock, 
72
typhoid, skin disorders, and cancer, alongside impacts on livestock, 
            
63
fisheries, and agricultural productivity. Rice cultivation has nearly 
73
fisheries, and agricultural productivity. Rice cultivation has nearly 
            
64
disappeared, and vegetable farming has declined due to water 
74
disappeared, and vegetable farming has declined due to water 
            
65
contamination. The findings highlight severe environmental and public 
75
contamination. The findings highlight severe environmental and public 
            
66
health risks from current practices, where raw wastewater is still 
76
health risks from current practices, where raw wastewater is still 
            
67
used for irrigation and animal watering. To mitigate these impacts, 
77
used for irrigation and animal watering. To mitigate these impacts, 
            
68
the study recommends constructing two wastewater treatment plants with 
78
the study recommends constructing two wastewater treatment plants with 
            
69
stormwater retention structures, enforcing pretreatment of industrial 
79
stormwater retention structures, enforcing pretreatment of industrial 
            
70
effluents, and introducing appropriate on-site sanitation for 
80
effluents, and introducing appropriate on-site sanitation for 
            
71
unconnected households. Adoption of these measures would safeguard 
81
unconnected households. Adoption of these measures would safeguard 
            
72
water resources, improve public health, and enable the safe reuse of 
82
water resources, improve public health, and enable the safe reuse of 
            
73
treated wastewater for agriculture and industry.",
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treated wastewater for agriculture and industry.",
            
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  "notes_translated": {
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  "notes_translated": {
            
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    "en": "This study (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3298-0) 
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    "en": "This study (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3298-0) 
            
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assesses the impacts of untreated wastewater discharge from Sulaimani 
86
assesses the impacts of untreated wastewater discharge from Sulaimani 
            
77
City, Iraq, into the Tanjero River and proposes a framework for 
87
City, Iraq, into the Tanjero River and proposes a framework for 
            
78
wastewater treatment planning. Nine sewer outlets representing 
88
wastewater treatment planning. Nine sewer outlets representing 
            
79
residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, and hospital effluents 
89
residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, and hospital effluents 
            
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were sampled over a year, and physicochemical analyses revealed 
90
were sampled over a year, and physicochemical analyses revealed 
            
81
elevated levels of turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, 
91
elevated levels of turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, 
            
82
nitrates, and heavy metals\u2014particularly in industrial zones. 
92
nitrates, and heavy metals\u2014particularly in industrial zones. 
            
83
Questionnaire surveys conducted in 31 surrounding villages indicated 
93
Questionnaire surveys conducted in 31 surrounding villages indicated 
            
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significant health burdens, including chronic diseases, diarrhea, 
94
significant health burdens, including chronic diseases, diarrhea, 
            
85
typhoid, skin disorders, and cancer, alongside impacts on livestock, 
95
typhoid, skin disorders, and cancer, alongside impacts on livestock, 
            
86
fisheries, and agricultural productivity. Rice cultivation has nearly 
96
fisheries, and agricultural productivity. Rice cultivation has nearly 
            
87
disappeared, and vegetable farming has declined due to water 
97
disappeared, and vegetable farming has declined due to water 
            
88
contamination. The findings highlight severe environmental and public 
98
contamination. The findings highlight severe environmental and public 
            
89
health risks from current practices, where raw wastewater is still 
99
health risks from current practices, where raw wastewater is still 
            
90
used for irrigation and animal watering. To mitigate these impacts, 
100
used for irrigation and animal watering. To mitigate these impacts, 
            
91
the study recommends constructing two wastewater treatment plants with 
101
the study recommends constructing two wastewater treatment plants with 
            
92
stormwater retention structures, enforcing pretreatment of industrial 
102
stormwater retention structures, enforcing pretreatment of industrial 
            
93
effluents, and introducing appropriate on-site sanitation for 
103
effluents, and introducing appropriate on-site sanitation for 
            
94
unconnected households. Adoption of these measures would safeguard 
104
unconnected households. Adoption of these measures would safeguard 
            
95
water resources, improve public health, and enable the safe reuse of 
105
water resources, improve public health, and enable the safe reuse of 
            
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treated wastewater for agriculture and industry.",
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treated wastewater for agriculture and industry.",
            
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    "created": "2025-08-19T09:35:27.154634",
            
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    "description": "The Ministry of Environment seeks to achieve a 
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    "description": "The Ministry of Environment seeks to achieve a 
            
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sustainable healthy environment, through developing and implementing 
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sustainable healthy environment, through developing and implementing 
            
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effective and renewable environmental policies that enhance 
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effective and renewable environmental policies that enhance 
            
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sustainable development and ensure environmental balance.\r\n\r\n1. 
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sustainable development and ensure environmental balance.\r\n\r\n1. 
            
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pollution and enhancing environmental control over natural 
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pollution and enhancing environmental control over natural 
            
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resources.\r\n\r\n2. Achieve sustainable development by implementing 
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resources.\r\n\r\n2. Achieve sustainable development by implementing 
            
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strategies and initiatives that support the transition towards a green 
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strategies and initiatives that support the transition towards a green 
            
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economy and renewable energy.\r\n\r\n3. Promote environmental 
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economy and renewable energy.\r\n\r\n3. Promote environmental 
            
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awareness through sustainable environmental awareness and education 
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awareness through sustainable environmental awareness and education 
            
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programs targeting all segments of society.\r\n\r\n4. Adapt to climate 
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programs targeting all segments of society.\r\n\r\n4. Adapt to climate 
            
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change by developing and implementing national plans that comply with 
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change by developing and implementing national plans that comply with 
            
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international standards to increase the resilience of Iraqi 
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international standards to increase the resilience of Iraqi 
            
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society.\r\n\r\n5. Manage natural resources efficiently and ensure 
128
society.\r\n\r\n5. Manage natural resources efficiently and ensure 
            
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their optimal use away from pollutants.\r\n\r\n6. Enhance 
129
their optimal use away from pollutants.\r\n\r\n6. Enhance 
            
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international cooperation by adhering to international environmental 
130
international cooperation by adhering to international environmental 
            
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agreements and exchanging knowledge and expertise with other countries 
131
agreements and exchanging knowledge and expertise with other countries 
            
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and organizations.\r\n\r\n##Values:\r\n\r\n1. Work to achieve 
132
and organizations.\r\n\r\n##Values:\r\n\r\n1. Work to achieve 
            
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sustainable development that ensures meeting the needs of the present 
133
sustainable development that ensures meeting the needs of the present 
            
124
without harming the ability of future generations to meet their 
134
without harming the ability of future generations to meet their 
            
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needs.\r\n\r\n2. Commitment to taking responsibility for protecting 
135
needs.\r\n\r\n2. Commitment to taking responsibility for protecting 
            
126
the environment and preserving natural resources.\r\n\r\n3. 
136
the environment and preserving natural resources.\r\n\r\n3. 
            
127
Transparency: Providing environmental information with complete 
137
Transparency: Providing environmental information with complete 
            
128
transparency and involving the community in making environmental 
138
transparency and involving the community in making environmental 
            
129
decisions.\r\n\r\n4. Enhancing cooperation and coordination with 
139
decisions.\r\n\r\n4. Enhancing cooperation and coordination with 
            
130
governmental, civil, international and civil society agencies to 
140
governmental, civil, international and civil society agencies to 
            
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achieve common environmental goals.\r\n\r\n",
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achieve common environmental goals.\r\n\r\n",
            
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mean values for core physico-chemical and nutrient parameters measured 
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mean values for core physico-chemical and nutrient parameters measured 
            
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at nine sewer outlets (S1\u2013S9) in the Sulaimani\u2013Tanjero 
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at nine sewer outlets (S1\u2013S9) in the Sulaimani\u2013Tanjero 
            
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system. Fields include site metadata (ID, coordinates, elevation, 
            
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aggregated where Autumn was not detected). Use this file to assess 
            
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salinity, hardness, and nutrient/ionic profiles that inform reuse 
            
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suitability and the selection of treatment processes (e.g., 
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      "url": 
            
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estimating pollutant loads (sites S2\u2013S7). Combine this file with 
            
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the companion physico-chemical dataset to evaluate biodegradability, 
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the companion physico-chemical dataset to evaluate biodegradability, 
            
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toxicity risks, and pretreatment/industrial-source controls required 
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    "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/data-theme/ENVI"
            
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  "title": "Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero 
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  "title": "Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero 
            
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River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City",
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River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City",
            
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River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City",
            
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