Skip to content

Changes

View changes from to


On September 18, 2025 at 8:11:38 AM UTC, Gravatar Eleftherios Kaltsas:
  • Set author of Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City to Rezan Omer Rasheed & Tavga Ahmed HamaKarim (previously Eleftherios Kaltsas)


  • Set author email of Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City to rorasheed@gmail.com (previously e.kaltsas@unesco.org)


  • Updated description of Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City from

    This study assesses the impacts of untreated wastewater discharge from Sulaimani City, Iraq, into the Tanjero River and proposes a framework for wastewater treatment planning. Nine sewer outlets representing residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, and hospital effluents were sampled over a year, and physicochemical analyses revealed elevated levels of turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, nitrates, and heavy metals—particularly in industrial zones. Questionnaire surveys conducted in 31 surrounding villages indicated significant health burdens, including chronic diseases, diarrhea, typhoid, skin disorders, and cancer, alongside impacts on livestock, fisheries, and agricultural productivity. Rice cultivation has nearly disappeared, and vegetable farming has declined due to water contamination. The findings highlight severe environmental and public health risks from current practices, where raw wastewater is still used for irrigation and animal watering. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends constructing two wastewater treatment plants with stormwater retention structures, enforcing pretreatment of industrial effluents, and introducing appropriate on-site sanitation for unconnected households. Adoption of these measures would safeguard water resources, improve public health, and enable the safe reuse of treated wastewater for agriculture and industry.
    to
    This study (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3298-0) assesses the impacts of untreated wastewater discharge from Sulaimani City, Iraq, into the Tanjero River and proposes a framework for wastewater treatment planning. Nine sewer outlets representing residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, and hospital effluents were sampled over a year, and physicochemical analyses revealed elevated levels of turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, nitrates, and heavy metals—particularly in industrial zones. Questionnaire surveys conducted in 31 surrounding villages indicated significant health burdens, including chronic diseases, diarrhea, typhoid, skin disorders, and cancer, alongside impacts on livestock, fisheries, and agricultural productivity. Rice cultivation has nearly disappeared, and vegetable farming has declined due to water contamination. The findings highlight severe environmental and public health risks from current practices, where raw wastewater is still used for irrigation and animal watering. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends constructing two wastewater treatment plants with stormwater retention structures, enforcing pretreatment of industrial effluents, and introducing appropriate on-site sanitation for unconnected households. Adoption of these measures would safeguard water resources, improve public health, and enable the safe reuse of treated wastewater for agriculture and industry.


  • Changed value of field form_mode to advanced in Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City


  • Changed value of field doi_date_published to 2025-09-18 in Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City


  • Changed value of field notes_translated to {'en': 'This study (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3298-0) assesses the impacts of untreated wastewater discharge from Sulaimani City, Iraq, into the Tanjero River and proposes a framework for wastewater treatment planning. Nine sewer outlets representing residential, commercial, industrial, tourism, and hospital effluents were sampled over a year, and physicochemical analyses revealed elevated levels of turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, nitrates, and heavy metals—particularly in industrial zones. Questionnaire surveys conducted in 31 surrounding villages indicated significant health burdens, including chronic diseases, diarrhea, typhoid, skin disorders, and cancer, alongside impacts on livestock, fisheries, and agricultural productivity. Rice cultivation has nearly disappeared, and vegetable farming has declined due to water contamination. The findings highlight severe environmental and public health risks from current practices, where raw wastewater is still used for irrigation and animal watering. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends constructing two wastewater treatment plants with stormwater retention structures, enforcing pretreatment of industrial effluents, and introducing appropriate on-site sanitation for unconnected households. Adoption of these measures would safeguard water resources, improve public health, and enable the safe reuse of treated wastewater for agriculture and industry.', 'es': '', 'fr': ''} in Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City


  • Changed value of field modified to 2025-09-18 in Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City


  • Changed value of field modified of resource Sulaimani Wastewater PhysicoChemical Nutrients to 2025-09-18 (previously 2025-08-29) in Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City


  • Changed value of field modified of resource Sulaimani Wastewater Organics Metals to 2025-09-18 (previously 2025-08-29) in Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City


  • Changed value of field modified of resource Impact assessment of wastewater and planning for a treatment plant within Sulaimani City, Iraq to 2025-09-18 (previously 2025-08-29) in Impact of Sewage Wastewater on the Environment of Tanjero River and Its Basin within Sulaimani City